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Patient Presentation: A 23-year-old obese female was diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and referred to neurosurgery for ventriculoperitoneal shunt. A baseline ocular examination was performed prior to the procedure.
On examination, vision was 20/200 in the right eye, and 20/40 in the left eye. There was a right relative afferent pupillary defect. Slit lamp examination was normal.
A dilated fundus examination was performed demonstrating the following:
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Retina
Case 31
Contributor: Dr. Sultan Aldrees, MD
Patient Presentation: A 57-year-old male diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) presented to clinic for a routine eye exam. His vision was 20/25 OD and 20/30 OS. His intraocular pressures were normal, and his slit lamp exam was unremarkable. Dilated fundus exam showed moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).
Question: Given the clinical history, what does the hyper-fluorescent lesion in the OCT photo (left) likely represent?
Question: Which layer are hard exudates usually located in:
Question: What other additional features are present in the OCT photo:
Question: Can you list the criteria for defining clinically significant macular edema (CSME) as established by the Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) study?
Question: What is the differential diagnosis for lesions that can lead to hard exudate?
Learning Objectives:
1. To understand some of the OCT findings in diabetic retinopathy
2. To recognize the OCT appearance of hard exudates
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